Skills 2.0——OpenAI最新函数调用技术深度解析

最近研究OpenAI的新功能，发现Skills 2.0函数调用简直是AI编程的一大突破。就像给AI装上了“遥控器”，让它可以精确操控外部工具和API…

介绍

  OpenAI最新推出的Skills 2.0函数调用技术标志着AI编程的一个重要里程碑。这项技术不仅改进了原有的函数调用机制，还引入了更智能的工具选择、更精细的参数验证和更强大的错误处理能力。本文将深入探讨Skills 2.0的核心特性、实现方式及其在实际开发中的应用。

Skills 2.0核心特性

智能工具选择机制

// Skills 2.0智能工具选择示例
class Skills2FunctionCaller {
  constructor(model, apiKey) {
    this.model = model;
    this.apiKey = apiKey;
    this.tools = new Map();
    this.history = [];
  }

  // 注册工具
  registerTool(name, definition, handler) {
    this.tools.set(name, {
      definition: {
        type: 'function',
        function: {
          name: name,
          description: definition.description,
          parameters: definition.parameters
        }
      },
      handler: handler,
      metadata: definition.metadata || {}
    });
  }

  // 智能调用工具
  async callTools(userQuery, context = {}) {
    const toolDefinitions = Array.from(this.tools.values()).map(t => t.definition);

    const response = await fetch('https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions', {
      method: 'POST',
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Authorization': `Bearer ${this.apiKey}`
      },
      body: JSON.stringify({
        model: this.model,
        messages: [
          {
            role: 'system',
            content: `你是一个智能工具调用助手。根据用户需求选择合适的工具并生成正确的参数。`
          },
          {
            role: 'user',
            content: userQuery
          },
          ...this.buildContextMessages(context)
        ],
        tools: toolDefinitions,
        tool_choice: 'auto', // 自动选择工具
        temperature: 0.1
      })
    });

    const result = await response.json();

    if (result.choices && result.choices[0].message.tool_calls) {
      const toolCalls = result.choices[0].message.tool_calls;
      const toolResponses = [];

      for (const toolCall of toolCalls) {
        const toolName = toolCall.function.name;
        const toolArgs = JSON.parse(toolCall.function.arguments);

        const tool = this.tools.get(toolName);
        if (tool) {
          try {
            const response = await tool.handler(toolArgs);
            toolResponses.push({
              tool_call_id: toolCall.id,
              role: 'tool',
              name: toolName,
              content: JSON.stringify(response)
            });
          } catch (error) {
            toolResponses.push({
              tool_call_id: toolCall.id,
              role: 'tool',
              name: toolName,
              content: JSON.stringify({ error: error.message })
            });
          }
        }
      }

      // 继续对话
      const finalResponse = await fetch('https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          'Authorization': `Bearer ${this.apiKey}`
        },
        body: JSON.stringify({
          model: this.model,
          messages: [
            {
              role: 'user',
              content: userQuery
            },
            ...toolCalls.map(tc => ({
              role: 'assistant',
              content: null,
              tool_calls: [tc]
            })),
            ...toolResponses
          ],
          temperature: 0.7
        })
      });

      return await finalResponse.json();
    }

    return result;
  }

  // 构建上下文消息
  buildContextMessages(context) {
    const messages = [];

    if (context.userProfile) {
      messages.push({
        role: 'system',
        content: `用户偏好: ${JSON.stringify(context.userProfile)}`
      });
    }

    if (context.location) {
      messages.push({
        role: 'system',
        content: `用户位置: ${context.location}`
      });
    }

    if (context.time) {
      messages.push({
        role: 'system',
        content: `当前时间: ${new Date(context.time).toISOString()}`
      });
    }

    return messages;
  }
}

// 使用示例
const skillsCaller = new Skills2FunctionCaller('gpt-4-turbo', 'your-api-key');

// 注册天气查询工具
skillsCaller.registerTool('get_weather', {
  description: '获取指定城市的天气信息',
  parameters: {
    type: 'object',
    properties: {
      city: {
        type: 'string',
        description: '城市名称'
      },
      units: {
        type: 'string',
        enum: ['metric', 'imperial'],
        default: 'metric',
        description: '温度单位'
      }
    },
    required: ['city']
  }
}, async (args) => {
  // 模拟天气API调用
  const weatherData = {
    city: args.city,
    temperature: Math.floor(Math.random() * 30) + 10,
    condition: ['sunny', 'cloudy', 'rainy'][Math.floor(Math.random() * 3)]);
  return weatherData;
});

// 注册数据库查询工具
skillsCaller.registerTool('query_database', {
  description: '查询数据库获取用户信息',
  parameters: {
    type: 'object',
    properties: {
      query_type: {
        type: 'string',
        enum: ['user_info', 'order_history', 'analytics'],
        description: '查询类型'
      },
      user_id: {
        type: 'string',
        description: '用户ID'
      },
      limit: {
        type: 'number',
        default: 10,
        description: '返回结果数量限制'
      }
    },
    required: ['query_type']
  }
}, async (args) => {
  // 模拟数据库查询
  return {
    results: [{ id: 1, name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com' }],
    count: 1
  };
});

参数验证与类型检查

// Skills 2.0参数验证系统
class ParameterValidator {
  constructor() {
    this.validators = new Map();
    this.setupDefaultValidators();
  }

  // 设置默认验证器
  setupDefaultValidators() {
    this.validators.set('string', this.validateString.bind(this));
    this.validators.set('number', this.validateNumber.bind(this));
    this.validators.set('integer', this.validateInteger.bind(this));
    this.validators.set('boolean', this.validateBoolean.bind(this));
    this.validators.set('array', this.validateArray.bind(this));
    this.validators.set('object', this.validateObject.bind(this));
  }

  // 验证参数
  validate(parameters, schema) {
    const errors = [];

    // 检查必需参数
    if (schema.required) {
      for (const requiredParam of schema.required) {
        if (!(requiredParam in parameters)) {
          errors.push(`Required parameter '${requiredParam}' is missing`);
        }
      }
    }

    // 验证每个参数
    for (const [paramName, paramValue] of Object.entries(parameters)) {
      if (schema.properties && schema.properties[paramName]) {
        const paramSchema = schema.properties[paramName];
        const error = this.validateParameter(paramValue, paramSchema, paramName);
        if (error) {
          errors.push(error);
        }
      }
    }

    return {
      isValid: errors.length === 0,
      errors: errors
    };
  }

  // 验证单个参数
  validateParameter(value, schema, paramName) {
    const type = schema.type;
    const validator = this.validators.get(type);

    if (!validator) {
      return `Unsupported parameter type: ${type} for ${paramName}`;
    }

    const result = validator(value, schema, paramName);
    return result;
  }

  // 验证字符串
  validateString(value, schema, paramName) {
    if (typeof value !== 'string') {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be a string`;
    }

    if (schema.minLength && value.length < schema.minLength) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be at least ${schema.minLength} characters long`;
    }

    if (schema.maxLength && value.length > schema.maxLength) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be at most ${schema.maxLength} characters long`;
    }

    if (schema.pattern && !new RegExp(schema.pattern).test(value)) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' does not match required pattern`;
    }

    if (schema.enum && !schema.enum.includes(value)) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be one of: ${schema.enum.join(', ')}`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  // 验证数字
  validateNumber(value, schema, paramName) {
    if (typeof value !== 'number') {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be a number`;
    }

    if (schema.minimum !== undefined && value < schema.minimum) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be greater than or equal to ${schema.minimum}`;
    }

    if (schema.maximum !== undefined && value > schema.maximum) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be less than or equal to ${schema.maximum}`;
    }

    if (schema.exclusiveMinimum && value <= schema.exclusiveMinimum) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be greater than ${schema.exclusiveMinimum}`;
    }

    if (schema.exclusiveMaximum && value >= schema.exclusiveMaximum) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be less than ${schema.exclusiveMaximum}`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  // 验证整数
  validateInteger(value, schema, paramName) {
    if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be an integer`;
    }

    return this.validateNumber(value, schema, paramName);
  }

  // 验证布尔值
  validateBoolean(value, schema, paramName) {
    if (typeof value !== 'boolean') {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be a boolean`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  // 验证数组
  validateArray(value, schema, paramName) {
    if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be an array`;
    }

    if (schema.minItems !== undefined && value.length < schema.minItems) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must have at least ${schema.minItems} items`;
    }

    if (schema.maxItems !== undefined && value.length > schema.maxItems) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must have at most ${schema.maxItems} items`;
    }

    if (schema.items) {
      for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
        const itemError = this.validateParameter(value[i], schema.items, `${paramName}[${i}]`);
        if (itemError) {
          return itemError;
        }
      }
    }

    return null;
  }

  // 验证对象
  validateObject(value, schema, paramName) {
    if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null || Array.isArray(value)) {
      return `Parameter '${paramName}' must be an object`;
    }

    if (schema.properties) {
      for (const [propName, propSchema] of Object.entries(schema.properties)) {
        if (value[propName] !== undefined) {
          const error = this.validateParameter(value[propName], propSchema, `${paramName}.${propName}`);
          if (error) {
            return error;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return null;
  }
}

// 增强版工具注册系统
class EnhancedSkills2Manager {
  constructor(apiKey, model = 'gpt-4-turbo') {
    this.apiKey = apiKey;
    this.model = model;
    this.tools = new Map();
    this.validator = new ParameterValidator();
  }

  // 注册增强工具
  registerEnhancedTool(name, definition, handler) {
    // 验证定义格式
    if (!this.isValidDefinition(definition)) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid tool definition for ${name}`);
    }

    // 添加验证
    this.tools.set(name, {
      definition: {
        type: 'function',
        function: {
          name: name,
          description: definition.description,
          parameters: definition.parameters
        }
      },
      handler: handler,
      metadata: {
        ...definition.metadata,
        validated: true,
        lastUpdated: Date.now()
      }
    });
  }

  // 验证定义格式
  isValidDefinition(definition) {
    return definition &&
           definition.description &&
           definition.parameters &&
           typeof definition.parameters === 'object';
  }

  // 调用工具（带参数验证）
  async callToolWithValidation(toolName, parameters) {
    const tool = this.tools.get(toolName);
    if (!tool) {
      throw new Error(`Tool not found: ${toolName}`);
    }

    // 验证参数
    const validation = this.validator.validate(parameters, tool.definition.function.parameters);
    if (!validation.isValid) {
      throw new Error(`Parameter validation failed: ${validation.errors.join(', ')}`);
    }

    try {
      return await tool.handler(parameters);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Tool execution error for ${toolName}:`, error);
      throw error;
    }
  }
}

错误处理与重试机制

// Skills 2.0错误处理系统
class Skills2ErrorHandler {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.options = {
      maxRetries: options.maxRetries || 3,
      retryDelay: options.retryDelay || 1000,
      exponentialBackoff: options.exponentialBackoff !== false,
      retryableErrors: options.retryableErrors || [
        'rate_limit_exceeded',
        'network_error',
        'timeout',
        'temporarily_unavailable'
      ]
    };
  }

  // 执行带重试的操作
  async executeWithRetry(operation, context = {}) {
    let lastError;
    let retryCount = 0;

    while (retryCount <= this.options.maxRetries) {
      try {
        const result = await operation(retryCount);

        // 记录成功调用
        this.logSuccess(context, result, retryCount);

        return result;
      } catch (error) {
        lastError = error;
        const shouldRetry = this.shouldRetry(error, retryCount);

        if (!shouldRetry) {
          break;
        }

        const delay = this.calculateDelay(retryCount);
        console.log(`Retry attempt ${retryCount + 1}/${this.options.maxRetries} after ${delay}ms:`, error.message);

        await this.sleep(delay);
        retryCount++;
      }
    }

    // 记录最终失败
    this.logFailure(context, lastError, retryCount);

    throw lastError;
  }

  // 判断是否应该重试
  shouldRetry(error, retryCount) {
    if (retryCount >= this.options.maxRetries) {
      return false;
    }

    const errorType = this.getErrorType(error);
    return this.options.retryableErrors.includes(errorType);
  }

  // 获取错误类型
  getErrorType(error) {
    if (error.type) {
      return error.type;
    }

    if (error.message) {
      const message = error.message.toLowerCase();

      if (message.includes('rate limit')) {
        return 'rate_limit_exceeded';
      }

      if (message.includes('timeout') || message.includes('timed out')) {
        return 'timeout';
      }

      if (message.includes('network error') || message.includes('fetch failed')) {
        return 'network_error';
      }

      if (message.includes('503') || message.includes('service unavailable')) {
        return 'temporarily_unavailable';
      }
    }

    return 'unknown';
  }

  // 计算延迟时间
  calculateDelay(retryCount) {
    if (this.options.exponentialBackoff) {
      return this.options.retryDelay * Math.pow(2, retryCount);
    }

    return this.options.retryDelay;
  }

  // 睡眠函数
  sleep(ms) {
    return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
  }

  // 记录成功
  logSuccess(context, result, retries) {
    console.log('✅ Skills 2.0 operation succeeded', {
      tool: context.toolName,
      retries: retries,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
  }

  // 记录失败
  logFailure(context, error, retries) {
    console.error('❌ Skills 2.0 operation failed', {
      tool: context.toolName,
      error: error.message,
      retries: retries,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
  }
}

// 增强的函数调用器
class AdvancedSkills2Caller extends Skills2FunctionCaller {
  constructor(model, apiKey, errorHandlerOptions = {}) {
    super(model, apiKey);
    this.errorHandler = new Skills2ErrorHandler(errorHandlerOptions);
    this.metrics = {
      totalCalls: 0,
      successfulCalls: 0,
      failedCalls: 0,
      averageLatency: 0
    };
  }

  // 带错误处理的工具调用
  async callToolWithErrorHandling(toolName, parameters, context = {}) {
    const startTime = Date.now();

    return this.errorHandler.executeWithRetry(async (retryAttempt) => {
      try {
        const tool = this.tools.get(toolName);
        if (!tool) {
          throw new Error(`Tool not found: ${toolName}`);
        }

        const result = await tool.handler(parameters);

        // 更新指标
        this.updateMetrics(true, Date.now() - startTime);

        return result;
      } catch (error) {
        // 更新指标
        this.updateMetrics(false, Date.now() - startTime);

        // 重新抛出错误以触发重试
        throw error;
      }
    }, {
      toolName,
      retryAttempt,
      startTime
    });
  }

  // 更新调用指标
  updateMetrics(success, latency) {
    this.metrics.totalCalls++;

    if (success) {
      this.metrics.successfulCalls++;
    } else {
      this.metrics.failedCalls++;
    }

    // 更新平均延迟
    this.metrics.averageLatency =
      ((this.metrics.averageLatency * (this.metrics.totalCalls - 1)) + latency) / this.metrics.totalCalls;
  }

  // 获取调用统计
  getMetrics() {
    return {
      ...this.metrics,
      successRate: this.metrics.totalCalls > 0 ?
        (this.metrics.successfulCalls / this.metrics.totalCalls) * 100 : 0
    };
  }

  // 批量调用工具
  async batchCall(tools) {
    const results = [];
    const errors = [];

    for (const toolCall of tools) {
      try {
        const result = await this.callToolWithErrorHandling(
          toolCall.toolName,
          toolCall.parameters,
          { batchIndex: toolCall.index }
        );
        results.push({ success: true, result, index: toolCall.index });
      } catch (error) {
        errors.push({ success: false, error: error.message, index: toolCall.index });
      }
    }

    return { results, errors };
  }
}

Skills 2.0实战应用

电商场景应用

// 电商场景的Skills 2.0实现
class EcommerceSkills2System {
  constructor(apiKey) {
    this.caller = new AdvancedSkills2Caller('gpt-4-turbo', apiKey);
    this.setupEcommerceTools();
  }

  // 设置电商工具
  setupEcommerceTools() {
    // 产品搜索工具
    this.caller.registerTool('search_products', {
      description: '根据关键词搜索产品',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          query: {
            type: 'string',
            description: '搜索关键词'
          },
          category: {
            type: 'string',
            description: '产品分类'
          },
          price_range: {
            type: 'object',
            properties: {
              min: { type: 'number' },
              max: { type: 'number' }
            }
          },
          limit: {
            type: 'number',
            default: 10,
            description: '返回结果数量'
          }
        },
        required: ['query']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟产品搜索
      const products = [
        { id: 1, name: 'iPhone 15 Pro', price: 999, category: 'electronics' },
        { id: 2, name: 'Samsung Galaxy S24', price: 899, category: 'electronics' },
        { id: 3, name: 'MacBook Air M2', price: 1099, category: 'computers' }
      ];

      return {
        products: products.slice(0, args.limit || 10),
        total_count: products.length,
        search_query: args.query
      };
    });

    // 库存检查工具
    this.caller.registerTool('check_inventory', {
      description: '检查特定产品的库存情况',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          product_ids: {
            type: 'array',
            items: { type: 'string' },
            description: '产品ID列表'
          }
        },
        required: ['product_ids']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟库存检查
      const inventory = {};
      for (const productId of args.product_ids) {
        inventory[productId] = {
          stock: Math.floor(Math.random() * 100),
          available: Math.random() > 0.2 // 80%概率有货
        };
      }

      return { inventory };
    });

    // 订单创建工具
    this.caller.registerTool('create_order', {
      description: '创建新订单',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          customer_id: { type: 'string', description: '客户ID' },
          items: {
            type: 'array',
            items: {
              type: 'object',
              properties: {
                product_id: { type: 'string' },
                quantity: { type: 'number' },
                price: { type: 'number' }
              },
              required: ['product_id', 'quantity', 'price']
            }
          },
          shipping_address: {
            type: 'object',
            properties: {
              street: { type: 'string' },
              city: { type: 'string' },
              zip_code: { type: 'string' },
              country: { type: 'string' }
            },
            required: ['street', 'city', 'zip_code', 'country']
          },
          payment_method: { type: 'string' }
        },
        required: ['customer_id', 'items', 'shipping_address']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟订单创建
      const orderId = `ORD-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 6).toUpperCase()}`;

      return {
        order_id: orderId,
        status: 'created',
        total_amount: args.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + (item.price * item.quantity), 0),
        estimated_delivery: new Date(Date.now() + 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000).toISOString()
      };
    });

    // 支付处理工具
    this.caller.registerTool('process_payment', {
      description: '处理支付请求',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          order_id: { type: 'string', description: '订单ID' },
          amount: { type: 'number', description: '支付金额' },
          payment_method: {
            type: 'object',
            properties: {
              type: { type: 'string', enum: ['credit_card', 'paypal', 'bank_transfer'] },
              details: { type: 'object' }
            },
            required: ['type', 'details']
          },
          currency: { type: 'string', default: 'USD' }
        },
        required: ['order_id', 'amount', 'payment_method']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟支付处理
      return {
        transaction_id: `TXN-${Date.now()}`,
        status: 'approved',
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
        payment_method: args.payment_method.type
      };
    });
  }

  // 处理电商对话
  async handleEcommerceQuery(userQuery, customerId = null) {
    const context = {
      userProfile: { customerId },
      time: new Date().toISOString()
    };

    try {
      const result = await this.caller.callTools(userQuery, context);
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Ecommerce query error:', error);
      return {
        error: error.message,
        suggestion: '请稍后重试或联系客服'
      };
    }
  }

  // 完整购物流程示例
  async processPurchaseFlow(customerId, searchQuery, shippingAddress, paymentMethod) {
    const steps = [];

    try {
      // 步骤1: 搜索产品
      steps.push({
        step: 'search',
        result: await this.caller.callToolWithErrorHandling('search_products', {
          query: searchQuery,
          limit: 5
        })
      });

      if (!steps[0].result.products || steps[0].result.products.length === 0) {
        throw new Error('未找到匹配的产品');
      }

      const selectedProduct = steps[0].result.products[0];

      // 步骤2: 检查库存
      steps.push({
        step: 'inventory_check',
        result: await this.caller.callToolWithErrorHandling('check_inventory', {
          product_ids: [selectedProduct.id.toString()]
        })
      });

      if (!steps[1].result.inventory[selectedProduct.id]?.available) {
        throw new Error('所选产品暂无库存');
      }

      // 步骤3: 创建订单
      steps.push({
        step: 'create_order',
        result: await this.caller.callToolWithErrorHandling('create_order', {
          customer_id: customerId,
          items: [{
            product_id: selectedProduct.id,
            quantity: 1,
            price: selectedProduct.price
          }],
          shipping_address: shippingAddress,
          payment_method: paymentMethod
        })
      });

      const orderId = steps[2].result.order_id;

      // 步骤4: 处理支付
      steps.push({
        step: 'process_payment',
        result: await this.caller.callToolWithErrorHandling('process_payment', {
          order_id: orderId,
          amount: selectedProduct.price,
          payment_method: {
            type: paymentMethod,
            details: {} // 简化示例
          }
        })
      });

      return {
        success: true,
        order_id: orderId,
        steps: steps,
        total_amount: selectedProduct.price
      };

    } catch (error) {
      return {
        success: false,
        error: error.message,
        completed_steps: steps
      };
    }
  }
}

金融场景应用

// 金融场景的Skills 2.0实现
class FinancialSkills2System {
  constructor(apiKey) {
    this.caller = new AdvancedSkills2Caller('gpt-4-turbo', apiKey);
    this.setupFinancialTools();
  }

  // 设置金融工具
  setupFinancialTools() {
    // 账户余额查询
    this.caller.registerTool('get_account_balance', {
      description: '查询指定账户的余额信息',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          account_number: { type: 'string', description: '账户号码' },
          account_type: {
            type: 'string',
            enum: ['checking', 'savings', 'investment'],
            description: '账户类型'
          }
        },
        required: ['account_number']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟账户查询
      return {
        account_number: args.account_number,
        balance: parseFloat((Math.random() * 10000).toFixed(2)),
        currency: 'USD',
        available_balance: parseFloat((Math.random() * 9000).toFixed(2)),
        last_updated: new Date().toISOString()
      };
    });

    // 交易历史查询
    this.caller.registerTool('get_transaction_history', {
      description: '获取账户交易历史',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          account_number: { type: 'string', description: '账户号码' },
          start_date: { type: 'string', format: 'date', description: '开始日期' },
          end_date: { type: 'string', format: 'date', description: '结束日期' },
          limit: { type: 'number', default: 10, description: '返回条目数量' }
        },
        required: ['account_number', 'start_date', 'end_date']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟交易历史
      const transactions = [];
      for (let i = 0; i < (args.limit || 10); i++) {
        transactions.push({
          id: `TXN-${Date.now()}-${i}`,
          date: new Date(Date.now() - Math.random() * 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000).toISOString(),
          type: ['deposit', 'withdrawal', 'transfer'][Math.floor(Math.random() * 3)],
          amount: parseFloat((Math.random() * 1000).toFixed(2)) * (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1),
          description: ['Salary', 'Grocery Store', 'Online Purchase', 'ATM Withdrawal'][Math.floor(Math.random() * 4)]
        });
      }

      return {
        transactions,
        total_count: transactions.length,
        account_number: args.account_number
      };
    });

    // 转账操作
    this.caller.registerTool('transfer_funds', {
      description: '执行资金转账',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          from_account: { type: 'string', description: '转出账户' },
          to_account: { type: 'string', description: '转入账户' },
          amount: { type: 'number', description: '转账金额' },
          currency: { type: 'string', default: 'USD' },
          description: { type: 'string', description: '转账备注' }
        },
        required: ['from_account', 'to_account', 'amount']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟转账
      const transactionId = `TRANSFER-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 8).toUpperCase()}`;

      return {
        transaction_id: transactionId,
        status: 'pending_approval', // 需要人工审核大额转账
        from_account: args.from_account,
        to_account: args.to_account,
        amount: args.amount,
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
        fees: args.amount > 1000 ? parseFloat((args.amount * 0.001).toFixed(2)) : 0 // 大额转账手续费
      };
    });

    // 投资组合分析
    this.caller.registerTool('analyze_portfolio', {
      description: '分析投资组合表现',
      parameters: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          portfolio_id: { type: 'string', description: '投资组合ID' },
          risk_tolerance: {
            type: 'string',
            enum: ['conservative', 'moderate', 'aggressive'],
            description: '风险承受能力'
          },
          time_horizon: {
            type: 'string',
            enum: ['short_term', 'medium_term', 'long_term'],
            description: '投资期限'
          }
        },
        required: ['portfolio_id']
      }
    }, async (args) => {
      // 模拟投资组合分析
      return {
        portfolio_id: args.portfolio_id,
        current_value: parseFloat((Math.random() * 50000 + 10000).toFixed(2)),
        total_return: parseFloat((Math.random() * 20 - 5).toFixed(2)), // -5% to +15%
        risk_score: Math.floor(Math.random() * 100),
        allocation: {
          stocks: parseFloat((Math.random() * 60 + 20).toFixed(2)),
          bonds: parseFloat((Math.random() * 30).toFixed(2)),
          cash: parseFloat((Math.random() * 10).toFixed(2))
        },
        recommendations: [
          '考虑增加科技股配置',
          '债券部分可以适当调整久期',
          '现金比例略高，可考虑再投资'
        ]
      };
    });
  }

  // 处理金融查询
  async handleFinancialQuery(userQuery, context = {}) {
    try {
      const result = await this.caller.callTools(userQuery, context);
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Financial query error:', error);
      return {
        error: '处理金融请求时发生错误，请稍后重试',
        code: 'FINANCIAL_ERROR'
      };
    }
  }

  // 风险控制检查
  async performRiskCheck(userId, action, amount) {
    // 这里可以集成更复杂的风控逻辑
    const riskFactors = {
      high_amount: amount > 10000,
      frequency: Math.random() > 0.8, // 模拟高频交易
      account_age: Math.random() > 0.7, // 模拟新账户
      location_anomaly: Math.random() > 0.9 // 模拟异地登录
    };

    const riskScore = Object.values(riskFactors).filter(Boolean).length;

    return {
      risk_level: riskScore > 2 ? 'high' : riskScore > 0 ? 'medium' : 'low',
      risk_factors: riskFactors,
      proceed: riskScore <= 1, // 低风险或中风险可继续
      additional_verification_required: riskScore > 1
    };
  }
}

Skills 2.0最佳实践

性能优化

// Skills 2.0性能优化工具
class Skills2PerformanceOptimizer {
  constructor() {
    this.cache = new Map();
    this.cacheExpiry = new Map();
    this.budgetManager = new Map();
  }

  // 带缓存的工具调用
  async callToolWithCache(toolName, parameters, ttl = 300000) { // 5分钟默认TTL
    const cacheKey = this.generateCacheKey(toolName, parameters);

    // 检查缓存
    if (this.isCacheValid(cacheKey, ttl)) {
      return this.cache.get(cacheKey);
    }

    // 执行工具调用
    const result = await this.executeToolCall(toolName, parameters);

    // 存储到缓存
    this.cache.set(cacheKey, result);
    this.cacheExpiry.set(cacheKey, Date.now() + ttl);

    return result;
  }

  // 生成缓存键
  generateCacheKey(toolName, parameters) {
    return `${toolName}:${JSON.stringify(parameters)}`;
  }

  // 检查缓存是否有效
  isCacheValid(cacheKey, ttl) {
    const expiry = this.cacheExpiry.get(cacheKey);
    return expiry && Date.now() < expiry;
  }

  // 执行工具调用
  async executeToolCall(toolName, parameters) {
    // 这里应该集成实际的工具调用逻辑
    // 模拟工具调用
    return {
      result: `Mock result for ${toolName}`,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      parameters
    };
  }

  // 并行工具调用
  async parallelCall(tools) {
    const promises = tools.map(tool =>
      this.callToolWithCache(tool.name, tool.parameters, tool.ttl || 300000)
    );

    return Promise.all(promises);
  }

  // 批量工具调用
  async batchCall(tools, batchSize = 5) {
    const results = [];

    for (let i = 0; i < tools.length; i += batchSize) {
      const batch = tools.slice(i, i + batchSize);
      const batchResults = await Promise.all(
        batch.map(tool => this.callToolWithCache(tool.name, tool.parameters))
      );
      results.push(...batchResults);
    }

    return results;
  }

  // 预热缓存
  async warmUpCache(toolCalls) {
    const warmUpPromises = toolCalls.map(call =>
      this.callToolWithCache(call.name, call.parameters, call.ttl)
    );

    await Promise.all(warmUpPromises);
  }
}

// 限流管理器
class RateLimiter {
  constructor(maxRequests = 10, windowMs = 60000) {
    this.maxRequests = maxRequests;
    this.windowMs = windowMs;
    this.requests = new Map();
  }

  // 检查是否允许请求
  async isAllowed(identifier) {
    const now = Date.now();
    const key = identifier || 'default';

    if (!this.requests.has(key)) {
      this.requests.set(key, []);
    }

    const timestamps = this.requests.get(key);

    // 清理过期请求
    const validRequests = timestamps.filter(ts => ts > now - this.windowMs);

    if (validRequests.length >= this.maxRequests) {
      return false;
    }

    // 添加当前请求
    validRequests.push(now);
    this.requests.set(key, validRequests);

    return true;
  }

  // 获取剩余请求次数
  getRemainingRequests(identifier) {
    const now = Date.now();
    const key = identifier || 'default';

    if (!this.requests.has(key)) {
      return this.maxRequests;
    }

    const timestamps = this.requests.get(key);
    const validRequests = timestamps.filter(ts => ts > now - this.windowMs);

    return Math.max(0, this.maxRequests - validRequests.length);
  }
}

总结

• Skills 2.0显著提升了AI函数调用的智能化水平
• 智能工具选择机制提高了调用准确性
• 参数验证确保了数据质量和安全性
• 错误处理和重试机制增强了系统稳定性
• 缓存和限流优化了性能表现
• 电商和金融场景展示了实际应用价值
• 性能优化技术提升了响应速度

Skills 2.0就像给AI配备了一套精密的”瑞士军刀”，让它能够准确、高效、安全地使用各种外部工具。这种能力的提升不仅体现在技术层面，更重要的是它让AI能够真正融入我们的日常工作流中，成为真正的智能助手。

未来发展

1. 工具生态系统: 更丰富的预建工具库
2. AI模型集成: 更深的模型层面集成
3. 实时协作: 多AI协同工作
4. 安全保障: 更强的安全和隐私保护
5. 标准化: 行业标准的制定和完善

扩展阅读

1. OpenAI Functions Documentation
2. Skills 2.0 Best Practices
3. AI Tool Integration Patterns